In a case of anaphylaxis, what is the nurse's first priority?

In cases of anaphylaxis, the first priority is administering epinephrine. Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can lead to airway obstruction, shock, and cardiovascular collapse. Epinephrine works rapidly to reverse the effects of anaphylaxis by dilating the bronchi, which helps alleviate respiratory distress, and constricting blood vessels, which helps manage hypotension.

While assessing vital signs, providing supplemental oxygen, and administering antihistamines are important components of care in an anaphylactic event, they are not immediate priorities. Vital signs assessment should be conducted continuously to monitor the patient's status, but it does not address the life-threatening symptoms directly. Supplemental oxygen may be necessary depending on the patient's respiratory status, yet without epinephrine, the underlying cause of the anaphylaxis won't be resolved. Antihistamines can provide symptomatic relief but are not effective in treating the immediate, severe effects of anaphylaxis. Therefore, prompt administration of epinephrine is crucial in stabilizing the patient and preventing further complications.