What is a common complication associated with prolonged bed rest?

Prolonged bed rest can lead to several complications, making the designation of "all of the above" as the correct answer particularly relevant. While each listed option represents a valid concern, the focus here is on pressure ulcers, which are a direct consequence of immobility.

When a person is confined to bed for an extended period, the constant pressure on certain areas of the skin can restrict blood flow and result in tissue ischemia. This makes skin and underlying tissues vulnerable to damage. Areas over bony prominences, such as heels, elbows, and the sacrum, are particularly susceptible. The lack of movement exacerbates this risk, leading to the development of pressure ulcers, which can evolve into serious infections if not managed appropriately.

Furthermore, dehydration and constipation are also commonly associated with prolonged bed rest, but they can be considered secondary effects. Dehydration may occur as a result of reduced fluid intake or excessive fluid loss, while constipation is often linked to decreased physical activity and dietary changes. Overall, the multifaceted implications of extended immobility underline why acknowledging all potential complications is crucial in patient care.