What is the purpose of Allopurinol in treating chronic gout?

Allopurinol is primarily used to lower uric acid levels in the blood, which is a key component in the management of chronic gout. Gout occurs when uric acid crystallizes in the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. By inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which plays a crucial role in the production of uric acid, Allopurinol effectively reduces the levels of uric acid, preventing its buildup and subsequent crystallization in the joints. This not only helps in managing current symptoms but also plays a significant role in preventing future gout attacks.

The other options pertain to different aspects of gout management: while reducing inflammation and relieving pain are important, they do not address the underlying cause of gout as effectively as lowering uric acid levels does. Preventing attacks is a long-term benefit of maintaining lower uric acid levels, but the mechanism of action of Allopurinol specifically focuses on reducing uric acid production.