When providing discharge teaching to a client with active tuberculosis, what is an essential topic to cover?

Focusing on how to cover the nose and mouth when coughing is essential for a client with active tuberculosis because tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infection that spreads through respiratory droplets. When a person with active TB coughs, sneezes, or talks, they can release droplets into the air, which can be inhaled by others and lead to new infections.

Teaching patients to cover their mouth and nose with a tissue or the inside of their elbow when they cough is a crucial step in minimizing the risk of transmission to others, particularly in shared living spaces or public areas. This practice is part of standard respiratory hygiene and helps to protect the health of those around the individual. It is a fundamental aspect of controlling the spread of TB, particularly while the client is still contagious.

While home sputum tests, dietary intake, and medication administration are important aspects of managing tuberculosis, the immediate priority in discharge teaching is aimed at infection control to ensure the safety of others. Therefore, emphasizing proper cough etiquette serves as a crucial component in educating the client and helping mitigate the risk of transmission of the disease.